Cocaine Essay -- essays research papers

My report is on the drug cocaine. I will tell mainly how it affects the body and nervous system. I also have included where Cocaine comes from to help understand exactly what we’re talking about, and to clear up any misunderstanding about the drug. Cocaine is both a central nervous system stimulant and an anesthetic. It is found in the leaves of the coca plant. The traditional method of coca use is to chew the leaves, producing a mild stimulation. Outside of South America it is generally used in it’s more refined and extracted forms, either powder cocaine, or freebase cocaine and makes a much stronger effect than chewing the leaves. The term "Crack" is alternately used to refer to street quality freebase cocaine, or to refer to the product of a particular manufacturing process, which uses sodium bicarbonate rather than a flammable solvent. Powdered cocaine is mostly snorted and crack or freebase cocaine is generally smoked. Smoking freebase cocaine causes a strong, short-lived peak of about 3-5 minutes, while snorting cocaine provides a lower high with major effects lasting closer to 30 minutes. The Mental facts of Cocaine vary with dose and the tolerance of the user. It increases alertness, wakefulness, elevates the mood, mild to high degree of euphoria, increases athletic performance, decreases fatigue, clearer thinking, increases concentration, increases energy, increased irritability, insomnia, restlessness. With high doses someone may exhibit a pattern of psychosis with confused and disorganized behavior, irritability, fear, paranoia, hallucinations, may become extremely antisocial and aggressive. Physically, it increases heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. It also increases the blood pressure, temperature, pulse, and the respetory system. It dilates the pupils, decreases sleep and appetite, gives you seizures, strokes, heart attacks, and may even cause death. Cocaine comes from the Cocoa plant that mostly grows in South America. Long ago, Inca Indians would chew the leaves to get a mild, but long-lasting stimulation. Chewing the leaves produces no â€Å"high.† Coca is consumed by chewing the leaves with a pinch of lime. Prior to adding the lime, the leaves are chewed to moisten and break them, as well as remove the stalks and strings. Then the... ...ith too little dopamine. As a result, the user suddenly feels sad and depressed. As a result, the user quickly goes for another dose. A lot of people will do almost anything to get cocaine if they are in fact addicted because the drug is so powerful. Another bad thing about this drug is that it often takes more and more of the drug to achieve the same effect, which leads to overdoses. Surprisingly, a lot of Cocaine addicts are football players, weather they are in High School or the NFL. This is true because some football players take the drug so that they get a boost of energy that cocaine gives you. When you are on cocaine, you are basically a machine. You do things that you wouldn’t normally do, just because you can. Sometimes people do things as stupid as racing there dogs as in one story I’ve heard. Why did they do it? They did it because they could. In conclusion, the effect that cocaine has on the body is incredibly powerful. What people have done is taken a small, useful, and almost harmless plant, and transformed it into a problem in today’s society. The plant in South America that was used to relieve hunger, was not meant to be used as such a powerful stimulant. .

Angel of Death Dr Josef Mengele Essay

During world war two, the holocaust affected millions of lives, especially those of the twins and the children at Auschwitz, who were brutally experimented on with no pan management while under the supervision of Dr. Joseph Mengele. Many died and the rest lived the rest of their lives with severe medical problems. Dr. Mengele was not a simple creature though. The creation of the Nazi angel of death began as a child in a cold distant family, and gradually evolved with his enrolling into college, joining of his political party and the military. Both of which were vital for his desire to perform his twisted experiments. Experiments that were so cruel and brutal he was forced to flee Germany after the war for fear of being put to death himself. What Joseph Mengele did at Auschwitz left his victims scarred both mentally and physically for the rest of their lives. Dr. Joseph Mengele was born to Karl and Walburga Mengele in the Bavarian village of Gunzburg. He was the eldest of three children his two brothers were Alois and Karl Jr. ife at home was not a gentle loving embrace by any means. From all accounts Karl Mengele was a harsh and distant man. One who’s main concern in life was the pursuit of his fortune. Karl owned a factory that manufactured farm equipment. He was never home for he was so preoccupied with work. All this left Walburga with the children and she ruled her home with a cold iron fist, the boys were not allowed and form of pleasure at all they led strict Roman Catholic lives just as their parents did, days filled with hard labor and prayer. Posner & Ware). This cold and emotionally withdrawn life at home is most likely what caused young joseph to defy his father’s wishes of taking over the family business to enroll in college at the University of Frankfurt. Although not an especially outstanding student as far as academics or his marks in school, he was considered to be a bright young man and a very punctual student. It was in the subjects of medicine and the arts of healing that joseph found he infatuated with. But also he held a great interest in eugenics and genetics, specifically genes that caused human deformities and ‘imperfections’. It was also at this time that he became involved with the idea of the unworthy life theory. in 1934 he was awarded a Ph. D. for his thesis ‘racial morphological research on the lower jaw sections of four racial groups. By 1935 Josef had already delved deep in to the world of politics and the military intrigue of the day. In 1937 he was recommended for and received a position at the third Reich institute for heredity, biology and racial purity in Frankfurt. Here he met the man who would become his mentor, surrogate father and the one who would be the inspiration for his most vile acts professor Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer. (Astor). By 1938 Josef, twenty-eight years of age, at the time held positions of enormous power within the Nazi party but that year it all changed when he joined the Waffen SS. Hitler’s elite killing squad, and with his joining of the Waffen SS he was assigned to be the head of Auschwitz the German hell. Mengele quickly made his blood lust apparent when he ordered one thousand gypsies gassed the day after he arrived. But above all his favorite job at Auschwitz was the sorting of the new arrivals. He would be at the train every day in hand tailored freshly pressed uniforms and the while gloves that he would become infamous for. He would walk down the line as the inmates were herded off the cattle cars and with his riding crop he would direct them right or left. Those who were sent to the right were to be put to death immediately. The ones sent to the left were to be made to do slave labor and be animals for the doctor’s experiments. His favorites were the children, especially the twins. Mengele regarded twins higher than all others. The other officers who would aid Mengele in the sorting were given special orders to search for twins. They were even given special quarters away from the rest of the inmates. (Astor). These twins were afforded many niceties that the other inmates would only dream of such as they were allowed to keep their hair, their own clothes and often times given candy; the twins were even provided with medical treatment should they become ill. No one would dare let one of the doctors become overly ill or die from an illness. (Kor). He was infamous for going into a flurry of rage if one of his twins were to die. What was in store for the twins that he loved so much were what can only be described as the most appalling and inhumane events that occurred in the second great war. Some of the tests were fairly run of the mill, questionnaires, and height and weight measurements. Standard procedure for any doctor but the worst was yet to come. Mengele was known for many of his experiments. Just a few of his favorites were those which involved eye color, resistance to disease and live human dissection. Mengele would find pair of twins which he believed was suitable for his desired experiment. (Lagnado & Dekel). The eyes for example one twin would be a control for the experiment. The other would have a colored dye injected into their eye. No anesthesia was ever involved; the insertion of the dye often times would result in nasty infections or complete blindness. Others involved live human dissection of infants and very young children. He carried out twin-to-twin transfusions, stitched twins together, castrated or sterilized twins. Many twins had limbs and organs removed in macabre surgical procedures, performed without using an anesthetic. He also did multiple sex changes and tests to see if twins needed each other to survive one would be placed in isolation with little or no food and no clothes. As part of his normal practice he did not use and sort of pain numbing agents in any of his procedures. While Dr. Mengele was doing these dissection’s he would often try to remove organs and observe the effects that this would have on the live subjects. (Bulow). Although many Nazi doctors justified Mengele’s experiments as scientifically relevant. But they were no more than a sick psychopath acting out his most hellish desires and fantasies. It was a commonly known fact that Dr. Mengele kept trophies from his experiments. He would keep the eyes from his experiments and pin them on the wall of his office much as one would pin a butterfly to a corkboard to be admired later. Also he had a lampshade which he made with his own two hands which was crafted out the ears of the children he had experimented on. Among other things Mengele often tried gene splicing or genetic alterations on his patients. He would do so be transfusing large amounts of blood or other bodily fluids from one subject to another or subject them to massive amounts of radiation. Other methods included but were not limited to exposure to noxious gases or other types of chemical weapons. Dr. Josef Mengele fled from Auschwitz on January 17th, 1945, as the Soviet army advanced across the crumbling German Reich towards Berlin. During the first few years of the post-war era, Mengele remained in hiding on farm near his native Gunzburg. He assumed a fake identity, and worked as a farm hand, keeping informed of events through secret contacts with old Gunzburg friends. Incredibly, he at first aspired to continue his career as a research scientist, but it became increasingly apparent that the Allies were not going to let a notorious war criminal such as he simply resume the life he had enjoyed prior to the war without paying for the crimes he had committed during it. Mengele finally decided that he was no longer safe in Europe and escaped through Italy to an ocean liner bound for Argentina. Kor). Mengele arrived in Argentina in 1949, a country that was ruled by the popular dictator Juan Peron. The right-wing ruler had already cultivated a friendly relationship with Nazis in Europe, as well as with those who lived in the German expatriate community in Argentina. Mengele was able to slip unnoticed into such a setting with ease and had soon established a network of Nazi devotees who were willing to help him assume a new identity in South America. Mengele was to spend the next thirty years on the run from international authorities. While he received aid and shelter from the neo-Nazi network in Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil, Mengele was also inadvertently assisted by a lack of commitment on the part of the West German government to bring the Angel of Death to justice, and a similar lack of commitment on the part of the United States Justice Department. (Astor,137)The Israeli government had no such lack of commitment to his capture, trial and execution. In fact, Israeli agents were close to seizing Mengele on a handful of occasions in the early-to-mid 1960s. However, international uproar over Israel’s kidnapping of Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann from Argentina in 1960, and pressing security issues involving hostile Arab states, sidetracked Israeli efforts to pursue Mengele. (Kor). While Nazi-hunters such as Simon Wiesenthal continued to press for Mengele’s capture and execution, the notorious Nazi doctor seemed to drop off the radar screen of most international governments. Interest in his case was suddenly reinvigorated when, on January 17, 1985, a group of Auschwitz survivors returned to the death camp to memorialize friends and family who had perished there. A week later, many of the same survivors gathered in Jerusalem to try Mengele in absentia. The event was televised around the globe, and for four consecutive nights, the airwaves were filled with images of survivors recounting their gruesome, barbaric treatment at the hands of Josef Mengele. Within less than a month, both the United States Justice Department and the Israeli government had announced that the case of Josef Mengele was officially reopened and strategies were redrawn to bring the Nazi doctor to justice. (Kor). However, these fledgling efforts were stopped in their tracks when, on May 31, 1985, West German police raided the home of Hans Sedlmeier, a lifelong friend of Mengele’s, and his contact person in Europe. The police seized several letters from Mengele and other German expatriates living with him in Brazil, and Brazilian authorities were immediately notified. Within a week Brazilian police had identified the families that had harbored Mengele, and through them were able to locate the grave where Mengele’s body had been buried after a drowning accident in 1979. Forensic tests on the skeletal remains confirmed that the body was indeed that of Josef Mengele. (Posner & Ware). Survivors of Mengele’s treatment who had longed all of their post-war lives to confront this cruel and demonic man denied that this could indeed be him. â€Å"Time’s essay said Mengele ‘defiled science†¦ He defiled Germany’†. (Astor,278. ). Many still live for the day when they will be able to extract justice for their suffering from the man who was responsible for so much of it, both during and after the war. At last, Mengele has escaped earthly judgment through that act over which he sought to wield total control of death itself. The horror of the angel of death was still felt and lived on a daily basis long after his death and after the war had ended. Almost all of his victims that survived his atrocious deeds lived life with ever physical and sometimes psychological disabilities. Dr. Josef Mengele was truly the living incarnation of the angel of death his deeds are unmatched even today as some of the worst event to ever occur in human history.

Video Games Positive Mental Effects on the Human Mind

When it comes to the topic of how video games can affect us mentally, a bit of controversy is always found. Results range from positive to negative, but with no clear sign as to whether or not they can be beneficial or damaging to ones mental state. If you take a step back and look at the bigger picture, you may notice that it is not truly a proposition of either-or, video games can produce both a negative and positive effect on the human brain but to what extent? The reason why so much negativity comes from research, however, is due to researchers focusing their studies on certain attributes that may or may not be affected. In todays media, parents, politicians and even some gamers, tend to focus blame and attack the integrity of video games. This causes issues and obfuscates our outlook on how they may be hurting or benefiting us. In the current year of 2014, games have developed quite a bit. Back in the 1940s, they were nothing more than a giant bulky machine created by a man by the name of Edward U. Condon. It was a simple machine, only designed to play a game known as, Nim, where players tried to avoid picking up the last match (icheg.gov). It seemed so revolutionary at the time, but compare that to today with systems like the Playstation 4 and the Xbox 1 where we have developed multiple kinds of genres and types of gaming, technology has advanced so far that we have nearly obtained the unthinkable and have virtually achieved the ability to cross over physicallyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Congrats: You Gained Loot and Experience1601 Words   |  7 Pages Video games are popular electronic games that people are able to manipulate images on the screen using a computer platform and are wildly fun to play everywhere in the world. 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The Stages Of First Language Acquisition - 1381 Words

First language acquisition means the development of children language in natural environment. First language acquisition could be bilingual or monolingual. Bilingual first language acquisition means children from birth acquire two languages at the same time such as child who has parents from different nationality (Houwer,2009). In contract, monolingual means the development of single language. However, several studies have documented the development of first language acquisition into stages which each stage show how children improve. A key aspect of the stages of first language acquisition is aware of children development and detect earlier of any growth troubles. The central thesis of this paper is that describe in detail and analyse the stages of first language acquisition. This paper begins by describing the stages and provide examples and support these categorisations with evidences then it will go on to comments of analysis refer to my teaching experience and many researches and the final section will be the conclusion. The first language acquisition is an important aspect of children s development. The language development has been categorized to stages of acquisition. The first stage of first language acquisition is earliest vocalisations which is start from birth to ten months (Yule, 2010). Infants express them self by crying if they feel hungry or painful (Lightbown, Spada ,2013). However, several studies and research merge this stage with babblingShow MoreRelatedDifferent Stages Of Language Acquisition Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition of language among linguists, but we can say that language is the most sophisticated way of communication between any two human beings and far more complex than any other system of communication. 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According to the National Center for Educational Statistics (2014), the percentage of public school students in the United States who were English language learners was higher in school year 2012–13 (9.2 percent, or an estimated 4.4 million students) than in 2002–03 (8.7 percent, or an estimated 4.1 million students)Read MoreSecond Language Acquisition1336 Words   |  6 Pagesseveral factors such as gender, L1 literacy, social context, and personality. In this term paper I will discuss how age and personality affect second language acquisition and the factors can be used in the language classroom to facilitate second language acquisition. 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Junk Food Should Be Mandatory For School Schools - 1354 Words

Health is like money, we never have a true idea of its value until we lose it (Josh Billings, 1865). A healthy lifestyle is dependent on the choices of an individual s diet. Junk food will fulfill the desire of one for a short period of time. However, a healthy and maintained body will fulfill the need throughout one s entire life. Therefore, is maintaining an unhealthy diet full of sugar and life-threatening junk the perceptive decision? As perceived, healthy food habits are not something that should be averted, thinking it is petty. In fact, it is a serious matter that destroys many lives and thoughtful actions must be conveyed immediately. Hence, it must be mandatory for YRDSB schools to ban junk food as it will reduce the high chances of obesity, cause students to stay concentrated during class and require students to stay active. Many people in today s generation are constantly are craving junk food. It is patently evident junk food plays a major role in the cause of obesity. According to a study called Psychological science, Obesity leads to numerous health issues including heart disease, high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes. The treatment of these health issues cost billions of tax health dollars (Physiological science, 2014). Permitting junk food in schools will cause greater chances of obesity. Students will be heading on a venture. Furthermore, obesity is a continuous major problem since the past several years. In 2010, a 4 year old girl namedShow MoreRelatedChanges Of The American School System1210 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican school systems. In fact, once American schools are reformed it would make it easier for those who want to learn receive an education. In the essay, â€Å"Lets’ Really Reform Our Schools† by Anita Garland, Garland explains why schools need to be reformed. Garl and claims that American schools are in trouble and that they are a disaster. 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Because physical education improves a student’s health, encourages teamwork, and boosts academic performance, the sacrifice of individualism is well worth it in the end. Schools must make students conform when it comes to the popular debate on physical education primarily for health reasons. To begin, obesity is

Learning Process Free Essays

Navreet Mann Professor Stanley November 29, 2012 The Learning Process â€Å"Learning to write is a complex process, both individual and social, that takes place over time with continued practice and informed guidance,† is a very complex quote. There is so much meaning and context to this one quote, that can really get the writer thinking. As for myself, I agree with this quote quite a lot but still to a certain extent. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now Everyone has their own mindset, but for me I do agree that learning to write is a complex process, individual and only sometimes social, and definitely does take place over time with continued practice and informed guidance (proof shows that). To start off with ‘learning is a complex process,’ as for this part of the quote I totally agree. At times, I can spend hours, sometimes days, just thinking about how to start my essay, research paper, etc. Then once you finally find your thesis and actually do begin, the complexity still doesn’t end. You have to continue to find more details, analysis, background, and a lot of other things for whatever you might be writing. One example of a complex paper I wrote in this English 10 class would have to be our first essay, â€Å"My Sacred Grounds. † I can clearly remember that it took me forever to start, to find a life experience to talk about and then to have to add details. The whole paper probably took me over a course of three to four days to just write the first draft. For the next part of the quote I only agreed to an extent of.. ‘learning to write is both individual and social. Like I said before, everyone’s writing process depends on themselves, but as for me I feel that most of the writing process is just individual and only social when you need it to be. Such as, when I write, I write without any help and its an all independent process, but then again at the same time its social because I write for my professors, get help from different sets of people at times like peers, the writing center, and sometimes even my professors. Lastly, once again I agree completely with the last part of the quote that learning is a process ‘that takes place over time with continued practice and informed guidance. To just learn how to write basics it takes us, as students, years to learn. We have to go through elementary, middle, and then finally high school with the basics of learning how to write until finally in college we are slowly let go and taught to continue to learn by ourselves. Even then the learning process never truly ends, especially not for writers, you learn as you write for the rest of your life. Also, just as the quote says we learn with ‘informed guidance’ meaning most of the time someone is there to check our work like our peers or professors. Overall, writing truly is a very complex process and this quote sums it up really well! How to cite Learning Process, Essay examples

Business Sustainability and its Important Pillars †Free Samples

Questions: 1.Explain the meaning of Business sustainability and its main pillars? 2.Explain the main impacts of adapting the business sustainability? 3.UAE is working on adapting the concept of sustainability in all businesses; provide an example of this adaption wither from the private sector or the government sector? Answers: 1.Business sustainability and its main pillars Business sustainability can be understood as the approach of administering and controlling the triple bottom line. It is basically a process by which the organisation manages their risks associated with the environmental, social and financial departments as well as also managing the opportunities and obligations relating to these sectors. These are also recognized as 3Ps comprising of Planet, People and Profit. The concept of business sustainability makes the bushiness organisations to follows and sticks to the principles of sustainable development which ensures that the needs of the present are effectively meeting without having any negative implication on the satisfaction of the needs of future generation (Dyllick and Muff, 2016). The main pillars of Business Sustainability Social Pillar: PEOPLE The social pillar has its focus on marinating a balance among the needs of the groups and the needs of the individuals. Environmental Pillar: PLANET The environmental pillar has its focus on reducing the environmental impact of the operations, products and facilities of a business organisation on the environment by the means of innovative systems and processes. Economic Pillar: PROFIT The economic pillar has its focus on promoting the use of social-economic resources for achieving high and competitive benefits. It ensures that there is efficient allocation and equal distribution of the resources so that the organisation can achieve profitability and long-term advantages (Schaltegger, Ldeke-Freund and Hansen, 2012). 2.The main impacts of adapting the business sustainability There are several positive implications of adapting business sustainability over the society, environment and the organisation. Business sustainability helps in reducing waste and additional costs, it offers differentiate competitive advantage to the organisation, helps in promoting the innovative process and products and also offers entry to new markets which are high in sustainability (Willard, 2012). The society is also positively impacted as there is reserved and persevered the natural resources for the coming generations so that they do not have to suffer from the scarcity issues. The environment also have potential impacts as there is reduced use of the natural resources such as plants, water, etc. As swell as because of improved practices, the environment can be saved from hazardous impacts of the business activities in terms of environmental pollution (Hopkins, et al., 2009). 3.UAE towards the adaptation of concept of sustainability in its businesses Across the globe, the organisations are incorporating the business sustainability approach in their business. UAE is one of the countries which is high in taking use of this approach. Most of the private as well as Government organisations are a part of this proves (Norton rose fulbright, 2015). One such example is, Etisalat, a well-known name in the communication industry. Green ICT is a vital and core aspect of the business strategy of Etisalat. The company maintain an efficient balance between the environmental, social and economic needs (Etisalat, 2012). In all its administrative, managerial, commercial and technical services, the company pursue the sustainability practices for minimizing the footprints of greenhouse emissions, waste energy and water. For achieving triple bottom line, Etisalat have used an innovation strategy and has manufactured several products like easyblaze, talkzone, easycliq etc. (Sustyvibes, 2016). To uplift the society, the company also have its continuou s and effective involvement in social practices such as providing educational and health services to the individuals. Etisalat also have its primary focus on reduction in the energy consumption, internal carbon management and principles of eco-efficiency (Unglobalcompact, 2017). References Dyllick, T., Muff, K. (2016). Clarifying the meaning of sustainable business: Introducing a typology from business-as-usual to true business sustainability.Organization Environment,29(2), 156-174. Etisalat, (2012). Etisalat CSR Sustainability Report 2012, Pp.82. Retrieved on: 9th May, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.etisalat.com/en/system/docs/reports/Etisalat-CSR-Sustainability-Report-2012_lowres.pdf Hopkins, M. S., Townend, A., Khayat, Z., Balagopal, B., Reeves, M., Berns, M. (2009). The business of sustainability: what it means to managers now.MIT Sloan Management Review,51(1), 20. Norton rose fulbright, (2015). 10 things to know about sustainability in the UAE, Retrieved on: 9th May, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/knowledge/publications/125011/10-things-to-know-about-sustainability-in-the-uae Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F., Hansen, E. G. (2012). Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability.International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,6(2), 95-119. Sustyvibes, (2016). A Guide to Business Sustainability in Nigeria, Pp.68. Retrieved on: 9th May, 2017, Retrieved from: https://sustyvibes.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/AGuidetoBusinessSustainabilityinNigeria.pdf Unglobalcompact, (2017). UN_Global_Compact_COP_Etisalat_2017.pdf, Pp.10. Retrieved on: 9th May, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/system/attachments/cop_2017/354061/original/UN_Global_Compact_COP_Etisalat_2017.pdf?1484639509 Willard, B. (2012).The new sustainability advantage: seven business case benefits of a triple bottom line. New Society Publishers.